Efficacy and safety of Regan Syrup in treatment of common cold (wind-heat syndrome):a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo and positive drug-controlled, parallel, phase Ⅱb clinical trial / 中国中药杂志

Regan Syrup has the effect of clearing heat, releasing exterior, benefiting pharynx and relieving cough, and previous phase Ⅱ clinical trial showed that the efficacy of Regan Syrup high-dose and low-dose groups was better than that of the placebo group, and there was no statistically significant difference in the safety between the three groups. The present study was conducted to further investigate the efficacy and safety of the recommended dose(20 mL) of Regan Syrup in the treatment of common cold(wind-heat syndrome). Patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected and divided into the test group(Regan Syrup+Shufeng Jiedu Capsules placebo), positive drug group(Regan Syrup placebo+Shufeng Jiedu Capsules) and placebo group(Regan Syrup placebo+Shufeng Jiedu Capsules placebo) at a 1∶1∶1 using a block randomization method. The course of treatment was 3 days. A total of 119 subjects were included from six study centers, 39 in the test group, 40 in the positive drug group and 40 in the placebo group. The onset time of antipyretic effect was shorter in the test group than in the placebo group(P≤0.01) and the positive drug group, but the difference between the test group and the positive drug group was not significant. The test group was superior to the positive drug group in terms of fever resolution(P<0.05), and had a shorter onset time of fever resolution than the placebo group, but without obvious difference between the two groups. Compared to the positive drug group, the test group had shortened disappearance time of all symptoms(P≤0.000 1). In addition, the test group was better than the positive drug group and the placebo group in relieving symptoms of sore throat and fever(P<0.05), and in terms of clinical efficacy, the recovery rate of common cold(wind-heat syndrome) was improved in the test group compared to that in the placebo group(P<0.05). On the fourth day after treatment, the total TCM syndrome score in both test group and positive drug group was lower than that in the placebo group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between three groups and none of them experienced any serious adverse events related to the study drug. The results indicated that Regan Syrup could shorten the onset time of antipyretic effect, reduce the time of fever resolution, alleviate the symptoms such as sore throat and fever caused by wind-heat cold, reduce the total score of Chinese medicine symptoms, and improve the clinical recovery rate with good safety.

Gripe ou resfriado? Sinusite ou rinite? / Influenza or cold? Sinusitis or rhinitis?

Resfriado comum e gripe são habitualmente confundidos, principalmente se o resfriado for mais intenso. Coriza é rotulada tanto como alergia como sinusite. Os processos inflamatórios das vias aéreas superiores envolvidos nessas entidades clínicas conjugam fatores comuns, embora tenham etiologias diferentes. Graças a isso, diagnósticos equivocados geram tratamento inadequado, geralmente com emprego desnecessário de antibióticos. O resfriado comum e a gripe (influenza) são infecções virais do trato respiratório, assim como a maioria das rinossinusites. Já a rinite é, em sua maior parte, manifestação da atopia respiratória.

Common cold and flu are usually confused, especially if the cold is more intense. Many times, coryza is labeled as being allergy or sinusitis. The inflammation of the upper airways involved in these clinical entities combine common factors, although they have different etiologies. As a result, misdiagnosis generates inadequate treatment, usually with unnecessary use of antibiotics. The common cold and the flu (influenza) are viral infections of the respiratory tract, as well as most cases of rhinosinusitis. On the other hand, rhinitis is, most of the time, a manifestation of respiratory atopy.

Infections with human coronaviruses NL63 and OC43 among hospitalised and outpatient individuals in São Paulo, Brazil

The incidence and clinical features of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) among Brazilian patients with respiratory illness are not well known. We investigated the prevalence of HCoVs among Brazilian outpatients and hospitalised patients with respiratory illnesses during 2009 and 2010. To identify the HCoVs, pancoronavirus and species-specific reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays were performed. Five of 394 samples were positive for HCoVs (1.2%): 1/182 (0.5%) outpatients and 4/212 (1.8%) hospitalised patients. The OC43 and NL63 HCoVs were identified. Two patients were admitted to the intensive care unit. Underlying chronic disease was reported in cases and one diabetic adult died. HCoVs can cause lower respiratory infections and hospitalisation. Patients with pre-existing conditions and respiratory infections should be evaluated for HCoV infections.

Upper respiratory tract infections.

Acute respiratory infections accounts for 20-40% of outpatient and 12-35% of inpatient attendance in a general hospital. Upper respiratory tract infections including nasopharyngitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis and otitis media constitute 87.5% of the total episodes of respiratory infections. The vast majority of acute upper respiratory tract infections are caused by viruses. Common cold is caused by viruses in most circumstances and does not require antimicrobial agent unless it is complicated by acute otitis media with effusion, tonsillitis, sinusitis, and lower respiratory tract infection. Sinusitis is commonly associated with common cold. Most instances of rhinosinusitis are viral and therefore, resolve spontaneously without antimicrobial therapy. The most common bacterial agents causing sinusitis are S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, S. aureus and S. pyogenes. Amoxycillin is antibacterial of choice. The alternative drugs are cefaclor or cephalexin. The latter becomes first line if sinusitis is recurrent or chronic. Acute pharyngitis is commonly caused by viruses and does not need antibiotics. About 15% of the episodes may be due to Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus (GABS). Early initiation of antibiotics in pharyngitis due to GABS can prevent complications such as acute rheumatic fever. The drug of choice is penicillin for 10-14 days. The alternative medications include oral cephalosporins (cefaclor, cephalexin), amoxicillin or macrolides.

¿Estado gripal?: ¿virosis respiratoria?: contribución al diagnóstico clínico de las infecciones respiratorias altas, agudas, de origen viral del adolescente y del adulto I parte / Grippe?: respiratory virosis?: contribution to the clinical diagnosis of acute upper respiratory tract viral infections in adolescents and adults I part

Las infecciones virales del aparato respiratorio producidas por diversos virus, en diferentes estaciones del año, son causa de una alta morbilidad y, sin duda, la principal causa de ausentismo laboral y escolar en todos los países. Nuestro país no escapa a estos procesos, en especial en las regiones del Centro y del Sur. Curiosamente, tal vez debido a su baja letalidad a sus semejanzas clínicas y al hecho de haberlas padecido personalmente, los clínicos no le dedican su atención en relación al estudio de algunas características de ellas y de un diagnóstico clínico de mayor precisión. Este hecho explica la frecuencia con que utilizan términos imprecisos para su diagnóstico, como "estado gripal" o bien "virosis respiratoria". Para desterrar el uso de pseudo-diagnósticos el autor ha hecho una revisión breve, pero exhaustiva de la etiología, patogenia y características clínicas de los sindromes clásicos: resfrío común; influenzia; enfermedad respiratoria alta indiferenciada; faringitis aguda viral y faringo conjuntivitis aguda. Explica las razones de su similitud y de sus diferencias, destacando los hechos clínicos y epidemiológicos que permiten formular un diagnóstico clínico veraz, sin utilizar los métodos virológicos del laboratorio especializado. En forma suscinta revisa la utilidad del laboratorio clínico y reseña los puntos importantes del tratamiento de dichos síndromes aunque ello no es el objetivo del trabajo

Resfriado comum / Common cold

O resfriado comum, embora doença autolimitada e branda, onera a comunidade trabalhadora e prejudica s populaçäo estudantil por seu absenteismo. Aqui, voce irá rememorar, sobre o resfriado. 1. Os agentes causais. Verá que o rinovirus é o principal deles. 2. O quadro clínico. 3. Alguns achados ao exame físico. 4. As complicaçöes mais comuns. 5. Os achados de laboratório. 6. O tratamento habitual